Drug-Delivery Methods

Drug delivery systems are an important component of traditional medicine and pharmacology. They are used to ensure that the active pharmaceutical ingredients are delivered in a safe and timely manner. This ensures that the medication reaches the target site with minimal adverse effects and improves its effectiveness. There are various drug-delivery methods used in traditional medicine, which can be broadly divided into two categories: conventional and novel. The conventional drug delivery methods used in traditional medicine include oral administration, topical application, parenteral administration, and inhalation. Oral administration involves delivering the drug through the mouth, either in the form of tablets, capsules, syrups, or solutions. Topical application includes creams, gels, ointments, suppositories, and transdermal patches. Parenteral administration is usually done through intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous route. Lastly, inhalation is used to deliver the drug directly to the lungs either through an inhaler or a nebulizer. In addition to conventional drug delivery methods, there are some novel methods being used in traditional medicine. These include sublingual and buccal delivery, nanoparticle-based delivery, controlled or targeted delivery, transdermal patches, and transdermal gel systems. Sublingual and buccal delivery involves directly placing the drug under the tongue or between the gums and cheeks. Here, the drug is released directly into the blood stream. Nanoparticles are also used to target specific cells or tissues and increase the efficacy of the drug. Controlled or targeted drug delivery is done by encapsulating the active ingredient in a lipid or polymer based carrier, which circulates through the bloodstream until it reaches the intended target. Finally, transdermal patches and transdermal gel systems are used to deliver the drug through the skin for localized effects. Overall, drug delivery systems and methods are of great importance in traditional medicine and pharmacology. The conventional methods as well as novel techniques like nanoparticle-based delivery and sublingual and buccal delivery, offer efficient and safe ways of delivering drugs and ensuring their effectiveness.